• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    Method of preparation of seeds resistant to pests. The proposal of the invention consists of reinforcing the immune system of maize plants or another crop by injecting in the interior of the seeds magnetic nanoparticles of zero valence iron that contribute to the energetic reinforcement of the same. With this the younger plants, which are the most affected by pests, can resist the attack of worms "drill" or any other pest by having enough effective iron that makes them resistant to any attack or disease and power regenerate quickly thanks to it. The method does not rule out the use of iron oxide nanoparticles but their effects can be quite inferior due to the difference in the composition of the iron oxide nanoparticles with respect to the zero-valent iron nanoparticles. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2678093A1
    申请号:ES201730149
    申请日:2017-02-08
    公开日:2018-08-08
    发明作者:Fidel Franco Gonzalez
    申请人:Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    PEST RESISTANT SEED PREPARATION METHOD
    TECHNICAL SECTOR
    Seeds, transgenics, crop pests.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Methods of treatment of plant pests. The example of the corn described in the bibliography:
    1.-Drills of the mafz {Sesamia nonagrioides and Ostrinia nubilalis):
    1.1. -Description of the plague generated by Sesamia nonagrioides
    The caterpillar of Sesamia feeds on both the cob and the stem of the corn, eating inside the peduncle that holds the plume (male flowers), causing its coffee, and therefore, stopping fertilization.
    Corn production falls suddenly. In general, in adult plants there is some resistance to drilling, achieving only a reduction in production and quality. In the case of young plants, if a severe attack occurs it can completely damage the crop.
    1.2. -Current methods applied in the treatment of corn borer
    1.2.1.-Insecticides
    The treatment against corn drilling involves the application of insecticides (10% w / v deltamethrin in doses of 0.125 L / ha, 48% chlorpyrifos in normal spray, 15-20 cc / 10 L water). 1.2.2. -Seeds
    of MON 810 transgenic corn
    2. -Description of the transgenic corn according to a commercial company l What is the Bt corn
    The varieties of Bt mafz or varieties protected by YieldGard technology (1), are maize classes genetically improved to make them resistant to the action of two species of drilling caterpillar (Sesamia nonagrioides and Ostrinia nubilalis) commonly known as "drills". That is to say, they are corn hybrids where precise improvement techniques have been applied, in order to make the plant itself resistant to the damage of the drills.
    Since 30 years the utility of Bt proteins for pest control has been known. These proteins are called asf because they come from Bacillus thuringiensis, a natural bacterium that lives in the soil. YieldGard varieties are capable of producing, in small quantities, a Bt protein (Cry1Ab), very effective against drilling, but harmless to man, livestock, other flora and fauna, and natural enemies of pests .
    When small drill caterpillars try to damage the maize plant, they ingest
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    Bt protein. Once ingested, the caterpillar's own digestive enzymes activate the toxic form of the protein, which acts quickly damaging the larva. Thus, very effective control of drill tracks is achieved, without risk to other beneficial insects and the rest of the fauna. This protection extends to the entire plant throughout the crop cycle. The hybrids that include this technology are identical in their agronomic behavior to the conventional hybrids from which they derive and only differ from these in the ability to protect themselves against drill damage.
    3.-Problems reported by different organizations about transgenic mafces MON 810
    In June 2009 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued an opinion favorable to the authorization of the Monsanto transgenic maize. This document has been heavily criticized, revealing serious errors and omissions in its assessment of the safety of this insecticidal maize. According to a scientific report commissioned by Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, the EFSA opinion:
    . ^ It does not require a detailed molecular characterization of the event (which Monsanto still does not provide), nor does it investigate the consequences of genomic alterations or the presence of unknown DNA and RNA fragments derived from the genetic transformation process, nor safety (or insecurity) ) of the new proteins produced by this corn.
    ^ Your analysis of existing scientific evidence is not balanced, as it omits or questions proven scientific studies that demonstrate the risks and insecurity of MON 810, citing instead others that indicate that the risk is minimal, although the scientific strength of some of them has been questioned by some member states.
    ^ Nor does it take into account existing scientific uncertainties regarding the effects of MON 810 on the environment and health, ignoring the numerous studies that demand more research. The toxicological evaluation is not valid, since it is based on studies referred to another GMO (MON 863), it is not known whether by mistake or because there are no studies on MON 810 that demonstrate the safety of the latter.
    ^ It contradicts its claims (recognizes the presence of new proteins, but states that there are no new constituents that require a toxicological evaluation).
    ^ Ignores or downplays the data that show that the insecticide produced by MON 810 could have negative impacts on butterfly species (lepidoptera) and other insects (some of them predatory or parasitoid species, which play an important role in the control Of pests).
    ^ Although it recognizes the possibility that Bt toxin accumulates in soils, it is possible to ensure that the effects on the soil microbial community will be minimal and effomeric, without providing solid scientific evidence to support this claim.
    ^ Does not take into account the diversity of European bio-geographic regions, which requires a regional approach in assessing the impact of crops
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    Four. Five
    transgenics that allow to take into account differences in agricultural practices and agro-ecosystems.
    4. -More details about the characteristics of transgenics:
    According to the European Commission itself, the process of creating genetically manipulated organisms (GMOs) is surrounded by uncertainties, which can lead to a multitude of unforeseen effects.
    Practical example explained with popular language
    They develop a plant with a toxic gene, insecticide, based on the use of the Bacillus Thuringiensis toxin, to which neither ants approach. Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria produce a series of proteins that pierce the digestive tract of the larvae (usually in the mafz). Ants or worms do not eat them because at the first bite they die, but they expect you to eat it little by little, dose by dose, accumulating the effects on your body.
    5. -Additional theoretical study.
    We have carried out a theoretical study on the effects of the Bt protein on the organism of living beings and found that the death of the caterpillars is caused by two non-exclusive but complementary routes - exaggerating the excretion systems in an exaggerated way - provoking a Accusing weakening of the immune-balancing system of the worm Conclusion, similar effects are suffered by animals or people who ingest it in the feed, either directly in food or indirectly through meat or dairy products derived from livestock.
    6. -Transgenic corn loses resistance against pests (El Diario.es)
    "Nature is so wise that, sooner or later, evolution would win the battle against agricultural biotechnology monopolies."
    Iowa State University, United States, has shown that the mafz root worm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) presents immunity to two of three toxins found in the Bt transgenic mafz.
    Aaron Gassmann, scientist in charge of the study, detected traces of resistance in 2011. This is the first time that a certain pest is immune to two toxins found in the same crop; in this case, the Bt corn, specifically designed to tolerate this type of pests. What will nature be telling us
    Nature simply tells us that the problem of pests must be tackled from a new point of view. Therefore, against the poisoning of soils and plants and the contamination of crops, it is proposed to strengthen the plant to improve its immunity against any attack.
    The purpose of this patent is to propose an alternative system that manages to control or eliminate pests (for example, "drills" of corn) or other diseases.
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    The proposal of the invention consists in reinforcing the immune system of maize plants or another crop by injecting inside the iron magnetic nanoparticles of Valencia zero that contribute to their energy reinforcement. With this, the youngest plants, which are the most affected by pests, can withstand the attack of the “drill” worms or any other plague by having sufficient amount of effective iron that makes them resistant to any attack or disease and power Regenerate quickly thanks to it. The method does not rule out the use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles but their effects may be much lower due to the difference in the composition of the iron oxide nanoparticles with respect to the zero-iron iron nanoparticles. The proposal of the invention will be similar in both cases
    replacing the zero-valent iron nanoparticles with iron oxide nanoparticles. Obviously the effects on the plants of the iron oxide and iron zero nanoparticles are not the same as the zero iron iron nanoparticles have much more pronounced magnetic properties.
    THEORETICAL FUNDAMENT
    Energy is the fundamental parameter of all processes.
    The invention simply gives practical meaning to this general and basic concept:
    The reason that the crops become weak is that the energy of the plants is very weak, however these are weak because the lands are poor in minerals in some cases, or worse, the absorption of these minerals and nutrients by The parent plant is very low. Finally, the seeds are also very weak, caused mainly by lack of energy, that is, lack of iron and magnetism. For example, in limestone soils attempts to provide iron to the soil are often frustrated by the appearance of chlorosis generated by excess calcium that blocks such assimilation. But in general and without reaching such extremes, the absorption capacity of plants is too weak by all the chemical agents that pollute the land, the abuse of chemical fertilizers, herbicides and other products of environmental pollution.
    Finally, if the plant has a well-developed immune-balancing system, its ability to adapt to changes is very high and, therefore, resists much better seqdas or thermal changes to which they may be subjected to today and in the near future.
    This is the biophysical foundation of the alternative proposal that proposes to break the vicious circle in which we move. Pretending to curb pollution or its effects by generating more pollution ...
    ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
    1.-Breaking the vicious circle of pollution.
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    Since its objective is to break the vicious circle of pollution in which we move, the advantages of the invention by energy reinforcement of plants and crops are obvious. Plants with a lot of energy and little pollution on the land in front of plants, crops and animals that are not only contaminated but also act as polluters by spreading their own indoor pollution.
    When the seeds are not transgenic, their resistance to pests remains low and this requires a high consumption of pesticides that the proposed treatment can avoid.
    2. -The abundance of iron in Nature.
    Iron is a very abundant metal in nature in its different chemical forms: oligisto, siderite, etc. that have been used in iron and steel processes. At present, iron is partially replaced by lighter and stronger alloys. There are also a large number of unused iron reserves because they contain elements such as sulfur or phosphorus in many countries, including Spain.
    3.-Standardization of the method of obtaining.
    The method of obtaining iron nanoparticles is completely standardized at the technological level and can be carried out through non-polluting processes. However, the same does not happen with the iron oxide nanoparticles because according to the method of obtaining they may contain some contaminant and their effectiveness could be much lower.
    4. -Economic cost.
    Transgenic seeds have a much higher economic cost than normal seeds. For example, transgenic corn seeds have prices on the order of four times higher than the value of "normal" corn seeds. Therefore, taking into account the low cost of obtaining magnetic nanoparticles and the ease of injection or bombardment and Acceleration of these by means of magnetic fields it is possible to reduce the cost of the process or eliminate the use of other pesticides with the corresponding saving.
    We decipher in previous paragraphs that when the seeds are not transgenic, their resistance to pests remains low, which requires a high consumption of pesticides that the proposed treatment can avoid.
    5.-Theoretical-experimental data
    5.1. -The zero-iron iron nanoparticles tend to form aggregates.
    Theoretical-experimental data: Characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 120 (2006), 47-56.
    5.2. -The iron of zero valence in solution is covered with an oxidized surface and less reactive than iron of zero valence in the dry state. For this reason the use of zero-valent iron in the form of dry and non-oxidized nanoparticles has several
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    advantages
    5.2.1. - they have a high chemical reactivity inside
    5.2.2. -if the nanoparticles are introduced quickly and without destroying the inside of the seed, the pH of the seed can be increased very significantly.
    5.3. -Theoretical-experimental data:
    Physical model of iron nanoparticles of zero valence in aqueous solution. The center would be formed by iron of zero valence and the periphery would be iron hydroxides in aquatic environment that in basic pH tend to bind with cations while aqueous solutions tend to take pH values between 8-10. Characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Advances in ....
    5.4. -The iron of zero valence in the form of nanoparticles present in solution loses much of its surface reactivity and positive effects on the plant. This observation would justify the bombardment of zero-valent iron nanoparticles directly on the seeds instead of using ferric solutions containing zero-valent iron nanoparticles inside.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    The method of injection of the zero-iron magnetic nanoparticles of iron
    0 of iron oxide may be different depending on the types of seeds (depending on the size of the seed and the plant, species or characteristics of their respective skins) as well as the properties of the land where the plant should grow.
    1.-Description of some methods of incorporation to the seed of magnetic nanoparticles
    1.1. -the magnetic nanoparticles are injected into the seed by bombardment and acceleration with magnetic fields to cross the skin barrier and fix inside.
    1.2. -the magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated into the seeds through the barriers of the skin directly from solutions or colloids used in their preparation and so that they are retained inside
    1.3. - Magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated inside the seeds by means of gels that facilitate the passage through the skin barrier and so that they are retained inside
    1.4. - Magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated inside the seeds by means of pastes, gels or ferrofluids to cross the skin barriers and so that they are retained inside
    1.5. - Magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated inside the seeds by mechanical means crossing the skin barriers and so that they remain
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    retained inside. A mechanical method can be by pressure or simple impact.
    2.-Industrial application:
    In general: Use of reinforced seeds in crops and particularly as a substitute for transgenic seeds.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
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    1.-Method of preparation of seeds resistant to pests "characterized by" comprising the stages:
    ^ Etapal: Have zero-quality magnetic iron nanoparticles of Valencia or magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.
    -> Stage 2: Incorporate said zero magnetic iron nanoparticles from Valencia or iron oxide into the seeds so that the nanoparticles are retained inside.
    [2]
    2. - Method of preparation of seeds resistant to pests according to claim 1, "characterized in that" the nanoparticles are injected into the seeds by bombardment and acceleration with magnetic fields to cross the skin barrier and be fixed inside.
    [3]
    3. Method of preparation of seed resistant to pests according to claim 1, "characterized in that" the magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated into the seeds through the barriers of the skin from solutions or colloids used in its preparation and so that are retained inside.
    [4]
    4.-Method of preparation of seeds resistant to pests according to claim 1, "characterized in that" the magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated into the seeds through the barriers of the skin through pastes, gels or ferrofluids and so that they are retained inside.
    [5]
    5. - Method of preparation of seeds resistant to pests according to claim 1, "characterized in that" the magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated into the seeds through the barriers of the skin by mechanical means and so that they are retained inside.
    [6]
    6. - Method of preparation of seeds resistant to pests according to claim 1 and 5, "characterized in that" the magnetic nanoparticles are incorporated into the seeds through the barriers of the skin through pressure or impact so that they are retained within .
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2074400A1|1993-08-27|1995-09-01|Univ Catalunya Politecnica|Method for preventing diseases and pests in plants with iron oxides and minerals|
    RU2539861C1|2013-10-24|2015-01-27|Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Оренбургский государственный университет"|METHOD OF INCREASING CONTENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF SOFT WHEAT Triticum vulgare Vill|
    RU2582499C1|2014-12-09|2016-04-27|Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт мясного скотоводства Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук|Method for preplanting treatment of seeds|
    法律状态:
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